In 1997, Indonesia ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The UNFCCC is an international treaty that sets out a global framework for action to address climate change.
Indonesia is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. It is estimated that by 2030, climate change will cost Indonesia 2.5% of its GDP.
In order to address the threat of climate change, Indonesia has developed a National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The NAPCC …
In 2015, Indonesia was the world’s fourth-largest greenhouse gas emitter, accounting for about 1.8 percent of global emissions. The main sources of emissions in Indonesia are land-use changes and forestry (39 percent), energy (28 percent), industry (20 percent), and waste (5 percent).
In order to curb emissions, Indonesia has launched a number of initiatives. In 2015, Indonesia pledged to reduce its emissions by 29 percent by 2030, compared to business-as-usual levels. This pledge was made as part of the Paris …