In 1965, a group of Indonesian soldiers led by Lieutenant Colonel Untung, who had been part of a failed coup attempt against President Sukarno, announced the formation of a new government. The group, which called itself the September 30th Movement, said that it had taken control in order to forestall a larger military coup that was planned for later that day. In reality, the movement was backed by the Indonesian military, and its goal was to replace Sukarno with a more pro-military government.
The movement quickly gained the support of the general population, and within days it had taken control of most of Jakarta. However, the army soon moved against the movement, and by October 1965 it had been crushed. In the aftermath of the coup attempt, the Indonesian military embarked on a campaign of mass violence against its own population, which came to be known as the Indonesian genocide.
The genocide lasted for several years, and it resulted in the death of millions of people. However, it was not until the late 1970s that the Indonesian people began to openly protest against the military dictatorship. In 1978, a group of students in Jakarta organized a series of protests against the government, and the following year a group of labor activists launched a series of strikes.
The protests continued throughout the 1980s, and they eventually led to the downfall of the Suharto regime in 1998.
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What caused the 1998 riots in Indonesia?
The 1998 riots in Indonesia were a series of violent riots and protests that took place in Indonesia from May to July 1998. The riots began as protests against the economic policies of the Indonesian government, but quickly escalated into violence and sectarian conflict. The riots resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 people and the displacement of over 300,000 people.
There were several factors that contributed to the outbreak of violence in 1998. The Indonesian government had been implementing unpopular economic policies since the late 1990s, including measures that reduced government subsidies and raised the prices of essential goods. In addition, the government was increasingly cracking down on political dissent, and there was growing resentment among the population towards the country’s elite.
The 1998 riots began on May 12, 1998, when students in the city of Medan staged a protest against the government’s economic policies. The protest quickly turned violent, and the police responded with force. The violence spread to other cities, and by the end of May the riots had turned into a nationwide uprising.
The violence continued in June and July, and began to take on a sectarian flavor as different groups of protesters clashed with each other. In particular, there was significant violence between the Muslim and Christian communities. The riots finally ended in July 1998, after the Indonesian military stepped in and imposed a curfew.
The 1998 riots were a tragic event that resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 people and the displacement of over 300,000 people. The riots were a sign of the growing discontent among the population of Indonesia towards the government’s economic policies.
What caused the May 1998 riots?
On May 13, 1998, rioting and looting erupted in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio. The violence continued for three days, resulting in extensive damage to businesses and homes in the city’s Over-The-Rhine district. What caused this outburst of violence, and why did it continue for three days?
There is no one answer to these questions; instead, there are a number of factors that contributed to the riots. One major cause was the high level of poverty and unemployment in the city. The Over-The-Rhine district, in particular, was a poor, largely African-American neighborhood, and the unemployment rate in the area was twice the national average.
Another factor was the strained relationship between the police and the residents of the district. There had been a number of high-profile incidents in which the police had used excessive force against African-American residents, and this had led to a feeling of mistrust and resentment towards the police.
The final factor was the simmering tension that had been building in the city for some time. There had been a number of protests and demonstrations in the weeks leading up to the riots, and many people felt that the city’s leaders had not done enough to address the problems in the city. When all of these factors came together, it created a perfect storm that led to the violence and destruction that we saw in May 1998.
When did Indonesia become a democracy?
When did Indonesia become a democracy?
Indonesia became a democracy in 1998, after the fall of the Suharto dictatorship. Suharto had been in power since 1967, and had been a military dictator for most of that time. In 1998, there was widespread popular unrest against his rule, and he was eventually forced to resign.
A new government was formed, headed by president Abdurrahman Wahid. Wahid was a moderate Muslim leader, and was seen as a representative of the reform movement in Indonesia. He promised to introduce democracy and political reform to the country.
In 1999, Wahid’s government held elections for the first time in Indonesia’s history. The elections were won by the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (PDI-P), which was headed by Megawati Sukarnoputri. Sukarnoputri was the daughter of the country’s first president, Sukarno.
The following year, Wahid was impeached by the Indonesian parliament, and Megawati became president. Under her leadership, Indonesia continued to move towards democracy. In 2004, she was re-elected as president in a landslide victory.
Since then, Indonesia has continued to be a democracy, with regular elections held at all levels of government.
When did Indonesia become a dictatorship?
When did Indonesia become a dictatorship? This is a difficult question to answer as there are many different factors to consider. In general, however, it is possible to say that Indonesia became a dictatorship in the late 1950s and early 1960s, under the rule of President Suharto.
Suharto came to power in a military coup in 1965, and quickly established himself as a dictator. He ruled Indonesia with an iron fist, banning political parties and arresting and torturing his opponents. The Indonesian people were living in a dictatorship and they had no say in how their country was run.
The dictatorship lasted for more than three decades, until Suharto was forced to resign in 1998. During this time, Indonesia experienced a great deal of economic growth, but the cost was high. The people of Indonesia were living in poverty and had no freedom or rights.
Since Suharto’s resignation, Indonesia has made progress towards becoming a democracy. Elections have been held, political parties have been allowed to operate, and freedom of speech and assembly are now protected by law. However, Indonesia is still not a full democracy, and there is much work to be done before the people of Indonesia are truly free.
How many Chinese were killed by Indonesia?
How many Chinese were killed by Indonesia?
This is a difficult question to answer definitively due to the lack of reliable records. However, according to most estimates, the number of Chinese killed by Indonesia between 1965 and 1998 was in the range of 150,000 to 300,000.
The violence against the Chinese began in 1965, shortly after the overthrow of President Sukarno. The new government, led by General Suharto, was eager to consolidate its power and ensure that no opposition remained. As a result, the Chinese, who were seen as supporters of Sukarno, were targeted for violence.
The violence escalated in 1966, when Suharto launched a nationwide anti-communist campaign. This campaign was especially brutal against the Chinese, who were accused of being communists even if they were not. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese were arrested, tortured, and executed. Many more were forced to flee the country.
The violence continued throughout the 1970s and 1980s, although it gradually became less intense. However, the anti-Chinese sentiment remained strong, and discrimination against the Chinese was rampant.
The violence finally came to an end in 1998, when Suharto was overthrown in a military coup. However, by then, the Chinese community in Indonesia had been virtually wiped out.
What was happening in Indonesia in 1999?
In 1999, Indonesia was experiencing a number of significant political and social changes.
In May of that year, Indonesia’s first direct presidential election took place. Megawati Sukarnoputri, the daughter of the country’s first president, was elected as president.
In the same year, Indonesia also held its first ever parliamentary election. The Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P), which Megawati led, won the largest number of seats in parliament.
In October 1999, a nationwide referendum was held on the introduction of Islamic law in Indonesia. The referendum resulted in a majority of Indonesians voting against the introduction of Islamic law.
In December 1999, the Indonesian military launched a military operation in East Timor in an attempt to crush a pro-independence uprising. The military operation resulted in the deaths of hundreds of East Timorese civilians.
Why are there so many Chinese in Indonesia?
There are around 1.5 million ethnic Chinese living in Indonesia, making up around 3% of the population. So why are there so many Chinese in Indonesia?
There are a number of reasons for this. The first is that the Chinese have a long history in Indonesia. The first Chinese immigrants arrived in the country in the 7th century, and they have played an important role in Indonesian history ever since.
Another reason is that the Chinese are a very successful community. They are well-educated and have a strong entrepreneurial streak, and this has helped them to thrive in Indonesia.
Finally, the Chinese community in Indonesia is also very tightly-knit. This means that they are able to support each other and help each other to succeed. This is another reason why the Chinese community is so successful in Indonesia.